陶瓷地磚
1陶瓷地磚的分類
(1)釉面磚。陶瓷地磚中的釉面磚是指表面經(jīng)過燒釉處理的瓷磚。這種陶瓷地磚是在建筑裝修中被使用最多的一種瓷磚。釉面磚根據(jù)其采用燒制原料的不同,還可以進(jìn)行細(xì)分。一種是經(jīng)過陶土燒制而成的釉面磚,一種是采用瓷土燒制而成的釉面磚。該種磚的色彩豐富,可提供選擇的圖案眾多,但是在耐磨性方面,由于其表面是燒制的釉料,所以其耐磨性能相比拋光磚要差許多。
(2)通體磚。通體磚是一種表面不經(jīng)過燒釉處理的磚,其被廣泛的用在客廳、過道和室外的走道之中,基本上不用于墻面。由于沒有經(jīng)過燒釉處理,所以通體磚的正面和反面的材質(zhì)和色澤是一致的。由于沒有經(jīng)過施釉,所以其防滑和耐磨性能非常的好。通體磚的花色相比釉面磚要少許多。
(3)拋光磚。拋光磚就是將通體磚的表面經(jīng)過打磨拋光之后而形成的磚。相比于表面粗糙的通體磚,由于拋光磚的表面經(jīng)過了打磨拋光,所以其非常的光滑,而且防滑性能非常的好。拋光磚多用在衛(wèi)生間、廚房等場(chǎng)合。
(4)玻化磚。玻化磚是采用石英砂、泥按照一定的比例燒制而成,然后經(jīng)過打磨而成。與拋光磚的區(qū)別是其沒有經(jīng)過拋光處理。單純的打磨,讓玻化磚的表面像鏡面一樣光滑透亮,因此其具有良好的裝飾效果。
2陶瓷地磚如何選
(1)在購買陶瓷地磚的時(shí)候,我們首先要看一看瓷磚的背面顏色是不是一致,質(zhì)量如果過關(guān)的陶瓷地磚,其磚坯的顏色保證是統(tǒng)一、一致的
(2)觀察陶瓷地磚的橫切面的顆粒是不是細(xì)膩。注意,這里的橫切面并不是指陶瓷地磚四邊的色彩,而是指陶瓷地磚斷裂處的切面,只有通過斷裂處的切面顆粒,我們才能真正的能夠判斷陶瓷地磚的好壞。
(3)聽。通過輕輕的敲擊陶瓷地磚的表面,聽聽瓷磚的聲音是不是清脆,如果聲音非常的清亮,則代表其質(zhì)量比較不錯(cuò)。
(4)取一杯水將其倒在陶瓷地磚的表面,觀察陶瓷地磚吸水的速度。如果陶瓷地磚吸水的速度非常的快,則代表其密度比較大,質(zhì)量為上乘。
3陶瓷地磚的用量計(jì)算
對(duì)于陶瓷地磚的用量,在裝修設(shè)計(jì)中,有兩種方法,一種是采用粗略的計(jì)算方法,計(jì)算出陶瓷地磚的大約數(shù)量,還有就是精確的計(jì)算方法。
(1)粗略的計(jì)算方法。陶瓷地磚用量的粗略計(jì)算方法為:房間地面的面積÷每塊磚的面積×(1+10%)=用磚的數(shù)量(其中的10%為鋪貼過程中的損耗量)。
(2)精確的計(jì)算方法:(房間的長(zhǎng)度÷陶瓷地磚的長(zhǎng)度)×(房間的寬度÷陶瓷地磚的寬度)=用磚的數(shù)量,采用這種方式計(jì)算的陶瓷地磚的數(shù)量,在采購的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該還增加3%~5%的耗損量。
我們以寬4米,長(zhǎng)5米的房間為例,計(jì)算一下鋪貼時(shí)所需要用到的陶瓷地磚的數(shù)量。假如我們采用規(guī)格為400mm*400mm規(guī)格的地磚為例,則計(jì)算方式如下:5米÷0.4米=12.5塊≈13塊,4米÷0.4米=10塊,則所需磚的總量為130塊。
4大理石地磚貼圖
5木炭機(jī)維修
木炭維修注意事項(xiàng):
1、維修所需工具是否齊全和完整,一般維修工具包括扳手、老虎鉗、測(cè)量?jī)x、防靜電手套等。
2、維修人員做好防護(hù)措施,如戴防靜電手套。
3、設(shè)備還在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),不能進(jìn)行維修,必須斷開電源后,設(shè)備處于完全靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)才能開始維修。
4、維修木炭機(jī)時(shí),維修人員要注意擺設(shè)或是掛上“設(shè)備檢修中,請(qǐng)勿靠近”的警示牌,以免外人進(jìn)入破壞維修秩序。
5、維修完畢,清點(diǎn)維修工具是否要遺漏在設(shè)備內(nèi),以防造成意外事故。
6雙層玻璃
7 復(fù)合板的性能
1、金屬復(fù)合板
該產(chǎn)品不改變母體本身的性質(zhì),克服母體本身的缺點(diǎn),發(fā)揮其優(yōu)點(diǎn),耐磨性和抗腐蝕性強(qiáng),還有良好的可焊性、延伸性、成型性、裝飾性。可滿足不同工件對(duì)于材料的要求,如防腐要求高的可用鈦、不銹鋼等材料作為防腐面制成;而要求散熱、導(dǎo)電好的,可用銅、鋁等材料作為導(dǎo)熱主體制成;要求質(zhì)量輕、強(qiáng)度大的,可用以鋁為主體,不銹鋼或鈦鋼為副體的復(fù)合板制成。
2、彩鋼復(fù)合板
該產(chǎn)品重量輕,僅相當(dāng)于磚墻的1/30,隔熱保溫和密封性能好,強(qiáng)度高,可作維護(hù)、承重結(jié)構(gòu),抗彎抗壓。色澤鮮艷,外形美觀,無需再進(jìn)行表面裝飾。施工方便,安裝快捷靈活,可縮短40%以上的工期,
3、巖棉復(fù)合板
該產(chǎn)品具有質(zhì)量輕、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)小、吸熱、不燃的特點(diǎn)。在工藝上經(jīng)粘合加壓、修邊、壓槽、落料,形成企口式復(fù)合板,整體性好,剛度高并具有抗沖擊、抗剪的力學(xué)性能及保溫、隔熱、隔音、防潮等特點(diǎn)。巖棉復(fù)合板的板長(zhǎng)不受限制,可達(dá)12米以上,完全符合技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)上的防火要求,且克服了以往板材沒有足夠的整體性和剛度、抗折和抗沖擊性能較差的缺陷。
4、鋁塑復(fù)合板
該產(chǎn)品容易加工,安裝簡(jiǎn)單,內(nèi)應(yīng)力穩(wěn)定,剛性良好,具有超強(qiáng)的粘合牢固性,經(jīng)8小時(shí)沸水實(shí)驗(yàn),粘接層沒有出現(xiàn)破壞現(xiàn)象。采用改性的阻燃聚乙烯芯材,無毒性,科學(xué)環(huán)保無污染,兩面包覆不燃的鋁層,防火性能檢測(cè)超過B1級(jí)指標(biāo)要求,解決了金屬塑料復(fù)合建材的防火難題。
8地?zé)岬匕灏惭b
一、安裝前地面處理要細(xì)致
地面在以兩米為半徑的范圍內(nèi)必須水平,高低差不得超過3mm。地面要完全干燥,鋪設(shè)地?zé)岬匕逯埃仨氝M(jìn)行地?zé)峒訙卦囼?yàn),進(jìn)水溫度至少達(dá)50℃,以確保采暖系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行正常。并要保溫24小時(shí)以上,使地面干透,確保含水率符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
二、安裝工藝細(xì)節(jié)有講究
最好采用懸浮式安裝方式,地?zé)岬匕逋ㄟ^墊層材料緊貼地面,地板和地表之間不存有縫隙,而地板之間要預(yù)留更大收縮縫隙。由于水熱輻射采暖釋放的潮氣量大,因此防潮要下功夫。
鋪裝時(shí)首先要清理地面,注意要將墻角清理平直,保證留出足夠的伸縮縫。然后在地面上鋪一層塑料布,以隔絕潮氣,要讓塑料布在四個(gè)墻角處分別高出地面10cm。接下來鋪設(shè)地墊,注意要留出伸縮縫,接口處至少重疊5cm,且必須用膠帶密封好,要使用比普通地板厚一些的踢腳板,且需獨(dú)立施工。安裝完24小時(shí)后地板才能加溫,為了便于導(dǎo)熱,墊層材料不宜過厚。
此外,要使用地?zé)岬匕鍖S媚z,不能鋪膠墊,也不能打龍骨,因?yàn)檫@樣縫隙間會(huì)留有空氣,空氣的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)低,不利于傳熱。
三、要使用專用紙地墊
地面和地?zé)岬匕逯g的地墊不能使用普通泡沫塑料地墊,一定要使用地?zé)釋S眉埖貕|,因?yàn)檫@種地墊導(dǎo)熱快、不變形。普通泡沫地墊導(dǎo)熱慢,長(zhǎng)期處在高溫的條件下,易產(chǎn)生有害氣體,危害使用者健康。
四、施工時(shí)地表溫度不能太高
不論是水熱輻射采暖還是電纜發(fā)熱采暖系統(tǒng),都不要在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地面上生爐子、用電爐等,因?yàn)榈乇頊囟冗^高的話,地面下的鋁塑復(fù)合管道可能會(huì)熔化。地?zé)岬匕逵捎谄涔δ艿奶厥庑院偷責(zé)嵯到y(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性,和普通地板相比,地?zé)岬匕宓木S護(hù)和保養(yǎng)有其獨(dú)特之處,在加溫和保濕方面要特別注意。
9鋁塑板安裝
一、龍骨布置與彈線
1、彈線:確定標(biāo)高控制線和龍骨布置線,如果吊頂有標(biāo)高變化時(shí),應(yīng)將變截面部分的相應(yīng)位置確定,接著沿標(biāo)高線固定角鋁。
2、確定龍骨位置線:根據(jù)鋁塑板的尺寸規(guī)格及吊頂?shù)拿娣e尺寸來安排吊頂骨架的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,要求板塊組合的圖案要完整,四周留邊時(shí),留邊的尺寸要均勻或?qū)ΨQ,將安排好的龍骨架位置線畫在標(biāo)高線的上邊。
3、安裝與調(diào)平龍骨:根據(jù)縱橫標(biāo)高控制線,從一端開始,邊安裝邊調(diào)平,然后再統(tǒng)一精調(diào)一次。
4、鋼、鋁龍骨安裝:采用鋁龍骨安裝時(shí),先將鋁龍骨按翻樣圖尺寸及位置固定于樓板上,必須安裝牢固,表面平整,尺寸準(zhǔn)確。對(duì)于采用鋼龍骨安裝的部分,為防止發(fā)生電化學(xué)腐蝕可,要進(jìn)行防腐處理或加墊片。
二、塊板安裝
鋁塑板與另一張鋁塑板或其它材料,通過鉚釘、螺栓、螺釘、釘子等連接起來。但是因?yàn)殇X塑板表面為鋁,所以當(dāng)與不同的金屬材料連接在一起時(shí),會(huì)產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)腐蝕,須使用鋁或不銹鋼鉚螺栓等來進(jìn)行板或板與其它金屬材料之間的連接。
鋁塑板與龍骨架的安裝,主要有吊鉤懸掛式或自攻螺絲固定,也可采用鋼絲扎結(jié),安裝時(shí)按彈好的板塊安排布置線,從一個(gè)方向開始依次安裝,并注意吊鉤先與龍骨固定,再鉤住板塊側(cè)邊的小孔。鋁塑板在安裝時(shí)應(yīng)輕拿輕放。保護(hù)板面不受碰撞或刮傷。用M5 自攻螺釘固定時(shí),先用手電鉆打出直徑為4.2mm 孔位后再上螺釘。
在連接處裝入襯墊材料。再在上面打密封膠,最后再揭掉板的保護(hù)膜。注膠前,一定要清潔劑將金屬板及鋁合金(型鋼)框表面清潔干凈,清潔后的材料須在一小時(shí)內(nèi)密封,否則重新清洗。密封膠須注滿,不能有空隙或氣泡。清潔用擦布須及時(shí)更換以保持干凈。應(yīng)遵守標(biāo)簽上的說明使用溶劑,且在使用溶劑時(shí)嚴(yán)禁煙火。注密封膠時(shí),應(yīng)用膠紙保護(hù)膠縫兩側(cè)的材料,使之不受污染。
三、端部處理
當(dāng)鋁塑板四周靠墻邊緣部分不符合方板的模數(shù)時(shí),在取得設(shè)計(jì)人員和監(jiān)理的批準(zhǔn)后,可不采用以方板和靠墻板收邊的方法,而改用條板或紙面石膏板等作吊頂處理。
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